When does multiplexing occur

Each node can send data only in its designated time slot. If a node has no data to send, it sends nothing in its time slot. If a node has more data to send, it must have to wait till the next time slot.

Suppose four nodes A, B, C, and D are connected to a network over a single channel. The multiplexer creates four time slots 1, 2, 3, and 4 and assigns a time slot to each node; time slot 1 to node A, time slot 2 to node B, time slot 3 to node C, and time slot 4 to node D. This technique is not more efficient because it reserves a time slot for each participant node, regardless of whether a participant node has any data to send or not. A node that rarely sends data can waste too much bandwidth by keeping its specified time slot empty in each data cycle.

Statistical multiplexing works similar to TDM. It also divides a data cycle into time slots and assigns a separate time slot to each node. After assigning time slots, it actively monitors the transmission.

If a node does not have any data to send, it assigns the time slot of that node to the next node. This multiplexing technique is used in analog communication. This technique works in two steps. In the first step, it divides the communication channel into sub-channels and assigns a separate sub-channel to each node. In the second step, it modulates the frequency of the carrier wave of each node. A carrier wave is a simple analog wave that does not contain any data.

A node uses a carrier wave to transmit digital signals over an analog channel. To know more about the carrier wave and how it is used in analog transmission, you can check this tutorial. Note that no information about the source IP or source port is included.

This is because UDP is a connectionless protocol that is inherently unreliable. One immediate consequence of no source information is that multiple UDP packets originating from different sources—but addressed to the same destination IP and port —will arrive at the same destination socket. Source IP and port information are only accessible at the application layer after the UDP packet has been ingested by the application.

Multiplexing and demultiplexing are powerful means of ensuring shared network resources are not wasted. Kurose, Keith W. Computer Networking: A top-down approach-sixth edition. About Contact. Table of Contents show. Muxing 4 Demultiplexing a. Physical layer. Data Link layer. Network layer.

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